{"id":12245,"date":"2022-01-26T14:44:13","date_gmt":"2022-01-26T14:44:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/direc.dk\/hardware-software-trade-off-for-the-reduction-of-energy-consumption\/"},"modified":"2025-10-20T13:16:19","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T13:16:19","slug":"hardware-software-trade-off-for-the-reduction-of-energy-consumption","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/direc.dk\/da\/hardware-software-trade-off-for-the-reduction-of-energy-consumption\/","title":{"rendered":"Hardware\/software Trade-off for the Reduction of Energy Consumption"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"12245\" class=\"elementor elementor-12245 elementor-12038\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-42e243f5 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"42e243f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;triangle&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom_negative&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M500.2,94.7L0,0v100h1000V0L500.2,94.7z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25408d42\" data-id=\"25408d42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e9aa657 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2e9aa657\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-630e0549\" data-id=\"630e0549\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93fb21d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"93fb21d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DIREC-projekt<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-194f9bb0 animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"194f9bb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hardware\/Software Trade-offs for the Reduction of Energy Consumption<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-27c47f3e\" data-id=\"27c47f3e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e4cba99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e4cba99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d7571ef\" data-id=\"6d7571ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c2d0dc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c2d0dc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Resum\u00e9<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4097ccc\" data-id=\"4097ccc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-399624cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"399624cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Computerenheder bruger en betydelig m\u00e6ngde energi. Implementering af algoritmer i hardware ved hj\u00e6lp af feltprogrammerbare gate-arrays (FPGA&#8217;er) kan v\u00e6re mere energieffektive end at udf\u00f8re dem i software i en processor.<\/p>\n<p>Dette projekt udforsker klassiske sorterings- og stifindende algoritmer og sammenligner deres energieffektivitet og ydeevne, n\u00e5r de implementeres i hardware.<\/p>\n<p>Brugen af FPGA&#8217;er er stigende i mainstream computing, og projektet kan g\u00f8re det muligt for softwareudviklere at bruge et funktionelt sprog til effektivt at implementere algoritmer i FPG&#8217;er og reducere energiforbruget.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Projektperiode: <\/strong>2022-2023<\/p>\n<p><strong>Projektleder<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Associate Maja Hanne Kirkeby<\/li>\n<li>Department of People and Technology<\/li>\n<li>majaht@ruc.dk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38a3cdf3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"38a3cdf3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9501\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9501\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">More om projektet (p\u00e5 engelsk)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9501\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9501\"><p>Computing devices consume a considerable amount of energy. Within data centers this has an impact\u00a0on climate change and in small embedded systems, i.e., battery powered devices, energy consumption\u00a0influences battery life.\u00a0Implementing an algorithm in hardware (in a chip) is more energy efficient than executing it in\u00a0software in a processor. Up until recently processor performance and energy efficiency have been\u00a0good enough to just use software on a standard processor or on a graphic processing unit. However,\u00a0this performance increase comes to an end and energy-efficient computing systems need domain specific hardware accelerators.<\/p>\n<p>However, the cost of producing a chip is very high. Between fixed hardware and software there\u00a0is the technology of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). FPGAs are programmable hardware,\u00a0the algorithm can be changed at runtime. However, FPGAs are less energy efficient than chips. We\u00a0expect that for some algorithms an FPGA will be more energy efficient than the implementation in\u00a0software. The research question is whether and how it is possible to reduce energy consumption of IT\u00a0systems by moving algorithms from software into hardware (FPGAs). We will do this by investigating\u00a0classic sorting and path-finding algorithms and compare their energy-efficiency and, in addition, their\u00a0performance.<\/p>\n<p>Such results are essential to both data centers as well as embedded systems.\u00a0However, the hardware design of these accelerators is often complex, and their development is\u00a0time-consuming and error-prone. Therefore, we need a tool and methodology that enables software\u00a0engineers to design efficient hardware implementation of their algorithms. We will explore a mod\u0002ern hardware construction language, Chisel. Chisel is a Scala-embedded hardware construction\u00a0language that allows to describe hardware in a more software-like high-level language. Chisel is the\u00a0enabling technology to simplify the translation of a program from software into hardware.\u00a0This project will furthermore investigate the efficiency of using the functional and object-oriented\u00a0hardware description language Chisel to express algorithms efficiently for execution in FPGAs.<\/p>\n<p>Programs running on a general-purpose computer consume a considerable amount of energy. Some programs can be translated into hardware and executed on an FPGA. This project will explore the trade-offs between executing a program in hardware and executing it in software relative to energy consumption.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Scientific Value<\/strong><br \/>The FPGA and software implementations of path-finding algorithms have recently been evaluated in\u00a0the lense of performance, e.g., [?], whereas sorting algorithms have also been evaluated on energy\u00a0consumption, e.g., [2]. Here FPGAs performed better than CPU in many cases and with similar or\u00a0reduced energy consumption. The language used for implementation is Verilog and C which is then\u00a0translated to Verilog using Vivado HLS. In this project, we will implement the algorithms in hardware\u00a0using Chiesl and evaluate their performance and energy consumption.\u00a0DTU and RUC will advance the research in the design and testing of digital systems for energy\u00a0saving. Our proposed approach provides a general software engineering procedure that we plan to\u00a0validate with standard algorithms used in cloud applications. This research will drive the adaption of\u00a0hardware design methods to the education curriculum towards modern tools and agile methods.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Capacity Building<\/strong><br \/>The project establish a new collaboration between two Danish Universities and is a first step towards\u00a0building a more energy-aware profile of the Computer Science laboratory FlexLab, RUC. In return\u00a0FlexLab make FPGAs available to the research assistants at RUC. Thus, this project will improve\u00a0visibility of energy-aware design IT systems nationally and international. This project with the coop\u0002eration between researchers as DTU and RUC will allow Denmark to take the lead in digital research nd development for reduced energy consumption. The upcoming research positions at RUC will con\u0002tribute to building RUC\u2019s research capacity, and the project will also recruit new junior researchers\u00a0directly and in future subsequent projects.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Business Value<\/strong><br \/>The changes in the hardware industry indicates that the use of FPGAs will increase: A few years ago\u00a0Intel bought Altera -one of the two largest FPGA production companies- to include FPGAs in future\u00a0versions of their processors. Similar, AMD is aiming to buy Xilinx, the other big FPGA vendor.\u00a0In addition, one can already rent a server in the cloud from Amazon that includes an FPGA. These\u00a0changes all points towards that FPGAs are entering mainstream computing.\u00a0Many mainstream programming languages like C# or Java already include functional features\u00a0such as lambda expressions or higher-order functions. The more common languages for encoding\u00a0FPGAs are Verilog, a C inspired language, and VHDL, a Pascal inspired language, Therefore, it may\u00a0be efficient for mainstream software developers to use a functional language to efficiently implement\u00a0algorithms in FPGAs and thus both increase performance and reduce the energy consumption.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Societal Value<\/strong><br \/>Currently ICT consumes approximately 10% of the global electricity and this is estimated to increase\u00a0to 20% in 2030. Thus, reducing energy consumption of ICT is critical. If successful, this project\u00a0has the potential to reduce the energy consumption via rephrasing the essential software programs in\u00a0FPGA units.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-64f4c0dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"64f4c0dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1a0e25ee\" data-id=\"1a0e25ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-352c0a12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"352c0a12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e6rdi<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e073b51\" data-id=\"3e073b51\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1548df7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1548df7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I \u00f8jeblikket forbruger IKT omkring 10% af den globale elektricitet, og dette ansl\u00e5s at stige til 20% i 2030. Derfor er det afg\u00f8rende at reducere energiforbruget af IKT. Hvis det lykkes, har dette projekt potentiale til at reducere energiforbruget ved at omformulere de v\u00e6sentlige softwareprogrammer i FPGA-enheder.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b40fd94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b40fd94\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d982a34\" data-id=\"d982a34\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f47bede elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f47bede\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Computerenheder bruger en betydelig m\u00e6ngde energi. Implementering af algoritmer i hardware ved hj\u00e6lp af feltprogrammerbare gate-arrays (FPGA&#8217;er) kan v\u00e6re mere energieffektive end at udf\u00f8re dem i software i en processor. Dette projekt udforsker klassiske sorterings- og stifindende algoritmer og sammenligner deres energieffektivitet og ydeevne, n\u00e5r de implementeres i hardware. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":25000,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[188,212,216,33,218],"tags":[121],"class_list":["post-12245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afsluttet-projekt","category-dataanalyse-og-algoritmer","category-digital-baeredygtig-omstilling","category-explore-projekt","category-projekt","tag-green-da"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hardware\/software Trade-off for the Reduction of Energy Consumption - DIREC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Artificial Intelligence brings the promise of technological means to solve problems that previously were assumed to require human intelligence, and ultimately provide human-centered solutions that are both more effective and of higher quality in a synergy between the human and the AI system than solutions that are provided by humans or by an AI system alone.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/direc.dk\/da\/hardware-software-trade-off-for-the-reduction-of-energy-consumption\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hardware\/software Trade-off for the Reduction of Energy Consumption - 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